Guide · Zoning

Chicago zoning, explained

Zoning is the city’s rule for what can be built on a lot: what it can be used for, how many homes it can hold, how big the building can be. Every lot in Chicago has one district code, and some lots sit under one or more overlays that change the answer. This page reads the code the way the report does.

Reading the code

A code like RT-4 or B3-2 has up to three parts.

RT
Family

The letters say what kind of place it is: R residential, B business, C commercial, D downtown, M manufacturing.

3
Use number

Inside a family, a higher number allows more. B1 is small storefronts; B3 is shopping centers. RS is one house; RM is apartments.

-2
Dash number

How much building the lot can carry: floor area, homes per lot, height. Residential codes fold this into the use number.

Two district codes cover most of the city’s houses and flats. RS-3 is the standard single-family lot. RT-4 is the standard two-flat and three-flat lot: one home per 1,000 square feet of lot, so a 25 by 125 foot lot holds three.

The families

CodeFamilyWhat it isHomes
RSResidential single-unitDetached houses. One home per lot.Yes
RTResidential two-flat, townhouse and multi-unitTwo-flats, three-flats, townhouses and small walk-ups.Yes
RMResidential multi-unitApartment buildings. The number after the dash sets how dense.Yes
BBusinessNeighborhood shopping streets. Apartments allowed above stores (B2 also at street level).Above the ground floor
CCommercialBusier commercial corridors, taverns and auto uses. Apartments above the ground floor except in C3.Above the ground floor
DCDowntown coreThe Loop. Office towers, hotels and residential at the highest densities.Yes
DXDowntown mixed-useHigh-density mixed use around the Loop: River North, West Loop, South Loop.Yes
DRDowntown residentialHigh-rise residential near downtown, limited ground-floor commercial.Yes
DSDowntown serviceDowntown-edge service and light industrial. Dwellings only above the ground floor.Above the ground floor
MManufacturingIndustrial, warehousing and distribution. No homes.No
PMDPlanned manufacturing districtProtected industrial corridors. Residential conversion is barred by ordinance.No
PDPlanned developmentA site-specific ordinance replaces the standard rules. Read the PD document for what is allowed.Per the PD
POSParks and open spaceParks, playlots and natural areas. Buildings need the owning agency’s approval.No
TTransportationRail yards, expressways and transit facilities.No

The three numbers

Floor area ratio (FAR) is total building floor area divided by lot area. FAR 1.2 on a 3,125 square foot lot allows 3,750 square feet of building across all floors.

Lot area per unitis how much lot each home needs. Divide the lot by it, round down, and that is the most homes the district allows for new construction. Buildings that predate the 1957 ordinance often hold more and remain legal non-conforming; the city’s zoning certificate, not this arithmetic, settles the legal count on a sale.

Height is the cap in feet for the common case. Business and downtown districts vary it by lot width and ground-floor use, so the report shows the top of the range.

Residential districts

DistrictMax FARMin lotLot per homeHeightIn short
RS-10.56,2506,25030 ftLarge-lot detached houses. One home per 6,250 square feet of lot.
RS-20.655,0005,00030 ftDetached houses on 5,000 square foot lots.
RS-30.92,5002,50030 ftDetached houses on standard 25 by 125 foot city lots. The most common single-family zoning in Chicago.
RT-3.51.052,5001,25035 ftTwo-flats and townhouses at a scale that fits beside single-family blocks. One unit per 1,250 square feet of lot.
RT-41.21,6501,00038 ftTwo-flats, three-flats, townhouses and small apartment buildings. One unit per 1,000 square feet of lot, so a standard 3,125 square foot lot supports three units.
RT-4A1.21,6501,00038 ftRT-4 with a bonus for buildings under 20 units where at least a third of the units are accessible: FAR 1.5 and 42 feet instead of 1.2 and 38.
RM-4.51.71,65070047 ftLow-rise apartment buildings. One unit per 700 square feet of lot.
RM-521,65040047 ftMid-rise apartment buildings. One unit per 400 square feet of lot.
RM-5.52.51,65040060 ftMid-rise apartment buildings with more floor area than RM-5.
RM-64.41,650300No capHigh-rise residential, mostly along the lakefront. One unit per 300 square feet of lot.
RM-6.56.61,650300No capThe densest residential district outside downtown.

Business and commercial dash numbers

B1, B2, B3, C1, C2 and C3 all use the same dash table. The use letters say what kind of business; the dash says how much building.

DashMax FARLot per homeHeightNote
-11.22,50038 ftThirty-eight feet.
-22.21,00050 ftForty-five to 50 feet, by lot frontage and ground-floor use.
-3340065 ftFifty to 65 feet, by lot frontage and ground-floor use.
-5520080 ftFifty to 80 feet, by lot frontage and ground-floor use.
-1.51.51,35038 ftThirty-eight feet.

C3 allows no dwellings at any dash. In B1, B3, C1 and C2 homes go above the ground floor; B2 allows them at street level too.

Downtown dash numbers

DashBase FARLot per home
-33400
-55200
-77145
-1010115
-1212115
-1616100

Downtown has no fixed height cap. Buildings above the planned-development threshold go through PD review, and extra floor area is bought through the Neighborhood Opportunity Fund bonus system.

Manufacturing dash numbers

DashMax FAR
-11.2
-22.2
-33

Overlays that change the answer

An overlay sits on top of the district. The report lists every one the property is inside.

OverlayWhat it does
Planned developmentA site-specific ordinance governs this land instead of the base district.
PMD subareaA subarea of a planned manufacturing district with its own use list.
Pedestrian streetDesignated pedestrian retail street: storefront frontage required, curb cuts and drive-throughs restricted, and the transit-served radius doubles.
Transit-served location (rail)Within 2,640 feet of a CTA station entrance. Parking minimums can drop to zero and density bonuses apply.
Transit-served location (Metra)Within 2,640 feet of a Metra station entrance. Same parking and density relief as CTA rail.
Transit-served location (bus corridor)Within 1,320 feet of a high-frequency bus corridor under the 2022 Connected Communities ordinance.
ADU opt-in areaSingle-family (RS) zoning here has been opened to additional dwelling units by the alderperson, with the listed limits.
ADU downtown exclusionAdditional dwelling units are not permitted in the downtown core.
Affordable Requirements Ordinance areaSets the affordable-unit share for new residential projects of ten or more units. Community Preservation areas also bar converting two- and three-flats to single-family near transit.
Lakefront protection districtDevelopment within the Lake Michigan and Chicago Lakefront Protection Ordinance zone needs Plan Commission review.
Special purpose districtAn overlay with its own use or design rules (17-7).
FEMA flood zoneFEMA flood insurance rate map zone letter. Zones starting with A or V are special flood hazard areas.
Zoning Board of Appeals decisionA recorded variance or special-use decision on this parcel.

Transit-served locations

Since the 2022 Connected Communities ordinance, a lot within 2,640 feet of a CTA or Metra station entrance, or 1,320 feet of a high-frequency bus corridor, is transit-served. Parking minimums fall by half and can go to zero, and B3 and C3 districts at dash 3 can earn more floor area and units by including affordable homes.

Additional dwelling units

Since April 1, 2026 a coach house or a basement or attic unit is allowed by right in RT, RM, B and C1/C2 districts outside the downtown core. In RS districts the alderperson opts blocks in, and the opt-in area can carry limits: a yearly cap, an owner-occupancy rule, or case-by-case administrative review. One to four unit buildings may add one unit. Larger buildings may add more, with an affordability rule once two or more are added.

Community preservation

In the Affordable Requirements Ordinance’s community preservation areas near transit, an existing two-flat or three-flat cannot be converted to a single-family house without a downzoning.

What it means for you

Owner, renter, buyer

  1. What the lot allows.Homes and floor area the district permits, beside what is on record. Older buildings often exceed today’s math and are still legal; the city’s zoning certificate settles the count.
  2. Could you add a unit? ADU eligibility plus unused lot capacity.
  3. What can land next door? The family and dash of the block.

Agent

  1. Listing remarks. District, transit-served, ADU by right, landmark district, community preservation.
  2. Closing prep.Open permits, stop-work orders and the zoning certificate are what the buyer’s attorney will ask about. Know them before listing.
  3. Development upside. Unused floor area and units, planned developments nearby.

Lender, underwriter

  1. Recorded units vs the rent roll. Assessor and DOB unit counts beside what the borrower reports. A discrepancy, not a determination.
  2. Exit constraints. Community preservation (no deconversion), affordable program rent limits, landmark and lakefront review.
  3. Context for the appraisal.District, overlays and FEMA zone letter, so the appraiser’s zoning line can be read against the map.

Glossary

Floor area ratio (FAR)
Total floor area on all floors divided by lot area. The district’s cap on building size.
Minimum lot area per unit
Lot square feet each dwelling needs. Lot ÷ this number, rounded down, is the unit cap.
Legal non-conforming
A building that was legal when built but exceeds today’s district rules. It may stay, but rebuilding as-is after a loss can be restricted.
Certificate of zoning compliance
The city’s confirmation of the legal dwelling-unit count, required before transfer stamps on residential sales of five units or fewer (condos and co-ops excepted).
Planned development (PD)
A negotiated, site-specific ordinance that replaces the district rules for large or complex projects.
Setback
Required open distance between the building and the lot line at the front, sides and rear.
Transit-served location
A lot near a rail station or high-frequency bus corridor, eligible for parking relief and density bonuses.

Districts and overlays come from the City of Chicago zoning map service, refreshed monthly. Numbers follow the Chicago Zoning Ordinance bulk and density tables (Title 17, chapters 2 through 6). This page is a reference, not zoning advice; the ordinance and the Zoning Administrator control.